Scientific documents library

Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development February 2012

This white paper intents to give an overview of the most common types of anaemia with a focus on how haematological parameters such as RET-He and other advanced RBC parameters could help to distinguish different causes of anaemia. The white paper also summarises current guidelines and publications on advanced RBC parameters.

Haemostasis is a complex process that helps to keep the blood in a fluid state and prevent blood loss at the site of injury. While the intact endothelium of blood vessels has an anti-thrombogenic function that prevents blood coagulation, in the case of vessel wall damage, the exposed sub-endothelial components initiate the formation of a clot that will stop blood loss.

Sysmex Educational Enhancement and Development June 2012

The detection of blast cells in the peripheral blood is considered extremely important, and great responsibility is placed on the investigating laboratory. As well as information on the physiology, this SEED article describes the possible causes of the release of blast cells into the blood, the characteristics by which they can be identified and how further diagnosis is carried out.

This SEED article is meant to explain the findings focused on cell count and differentiation for pleural, ascitic, cerebrospinal and synovial fluid as well as for CAPD. Traditionally, body fluid counts are performed by manual counting under a microscope using a haemocytometer, but laboratories now have the option of automating their manual processes using automated haematology or urinalysis analysers. This SEED summarises the advantages and disadvantages of haemocytometry and Sysmex analysers and explains briefly the XN-BF mode.

The early differentiation of the underlying cause of canine anaemia is one of the biggest diagnostic challenges for veterinary clinicians. The reticulocyte count, together with the study of the different circulating degrees of maturity may allow a much more thorough and detailed assessment of each patient in the veterinary lab. In this preliminary study, reference ranges have been established for reticulocyte maturity fractions. Following the assessment of more than 150 anaemic patients, the Ecija-Mendoza diagram was created, a diagnostic tool that allows the differentiation between conditions caused by haemolysis, acute haemorrhage and anaemia due to dyserythropoiesis to allow the clinician to quickly form a suspected diagnosis.

In this clinical case report a patient presented with a dimorphic RBC population after having received multiple RBC concentrates. The two populations, one resulting from the donor cells, can be identified from two distinct peaks in the RBC histogram.